Lord Brahma's Family Tree

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     Lord Brahma gave birth to nine sages: Atharva, Bhrigu, Kratu, Marichi, Atri, Vashishta, Pulaha, Pulastya, Kardama, and a beautiful woman named Ahilya. He also gave birth to a man and a woman named Swayambhuva Manu and Shatarupa, respectively. Manu and Shatarupa got married and had three daughters named Akuti, Devahuti, and Prasuti. Devahuti married Sage Kardama and had six daughters, who married six of the seven sages. Shanti married Atharva, Gati married Pulaha, Havirbhu married Pulastya, Kala married Marichi, Khyati married Bhrigu, Kriya married Kratu, Shraddha married Angira, and Anasuya married Atri.

     Akuti married the sage Ruchi and they had a son and daughter named Yagna and Dakshina. Lord Yagna is an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and Dakshina is an incarnation of Goddess Lakshmi. They got married and gave birth to twelve demigods called Tushitas.

     Atri prayed to Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu, who all appeared before him. The boon he asked for what was that the lord of the universe would be born as his son. But he didn't know which of the three was the lord of the universe. They said that all three of them were the lords of the universe. Hence all three of them would be born as his sons.

     Lakshmi, Saraswathi, and Parvati wanted to learn pativratya from Anasuya. Pativratya is how a woman should treat her husband with love and respect. They sent their husbands to go and ask her. So Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva appeared to Anasuya disguised as sages and asked Anasuya to teach their wives pativratya. But she had to be very loving to the three sages while doing so.

     Thanks to her great yogic powers, Anasuya knew who the three sages actually were. So, she turned them into six-month old babies and lovingly fed them. The goddesses waited for days for their husbands to return until they decided to go to Anasuya's ashram. There they saw her lovingly feeding their husbands as babies. They asked her to turn their husbands back to normal, which she did. The three gods were pleased with Anasuya and offered her a boon. She asked that they should be born as her children, just like how her husband had asked.

     Once, the king's soldiers caught some thieves who were hiding in the ashram of sage Mandavya. The soldiers also kidnapped Mandavya and impaled him. When he met Yamaraja, he asked him why he was punished and died in such a manner. Yamaraja said that it was because he had killed an ant in his childhood. Mandavya was furious that he was punished for such an innocent act. So, he cursed Yamaraja that he would be born as the son of a maidservant. Because of this curse, Yamaraja would eventually be born as Vidhura, a wise and important character of the Mahabharata.

     Meanwhile, a sage named Kaushik was feeling very sick and his wife was helping him walk. On the way, he stepped on sage Mandavya's body, and was cursed by Mandavya's soul that he would die at sunset. But, his wife loved him so much that she made the sun stop moving. Because of this, Rahu was able to eclipse Surya for a long time. This caused tons of problems in heaven and the gods had to ask Brahma for help. Brahma went to Anasuya and Atri for help. Anasuya calmed Kaushik's wife and told her to allow the sun to move. The Atri pulled Surya away from Rahu and the sun peacefully set and Kaushik died as per his curse. But, Anasuya brought him back to life and cured him of his sickness. Brahma was very grateful and as a thank-you, he was born from Anasuya as Soma, the god of plants and vegetables.

     After the incident with Brahma and the pillar, Shiva was still angry, that all the demigods, including his wife, avoided him out of fear. When Shiva saw how scared everyone had become, he took away his anger and sent it into his incarnation, Anasuya's son. Hence, Shiva was born as Durvasa, the sage who is known for his great temper. and Vishnu was born as Dattatreya, a powerful sage whose physical appearance is a combination of all three gods. Anasuya and Atri also had a daughter named Subhatreyi.

     Shraddha and Angira had four daughters and two sons named Utathya and Brihaspati. Brihaspati married Tara, the daughter of Surya, and had a son named Kacha, who became a sage. Chandra, the moon god, kidnapped Tara, and she became pregnant. She gave birth to Budh, the god of the planet Mercury. Budh married Ila, a woman who used to be a king named Sudyumna. Budh and Ila had a son named Pururavas, who was the first king of the Chandravanshis (the moon dynasty).

     Utathya had a wife named Mamata. They had a son named Dirghatamas, who was born blind, but still became a great sage. He married a woman named Pradweshi, and they had a son named Gautama, who also became a great sage. Brahma had a daughter named Ahilya and had set up a contest: Whoever went around the earth three times the fastest would marry her. Indra went around the earth three times and then demanded Ahilya's hand in marriage. But Narada Muni said that Gautama went around the earth three times the fastest. It turns out that Gautama had circumambulated the divine cow mother Surabhi, who was pregnant at the time. A cow represented the bountiful earth and so, Ahilya married Gautama, much to Indra's jealousy.

     Gautama and Ahilya had three sons named Nodhas, Vamadeva, and Shatananda, who became a priest. They also had a daughter named Anjana, who would be the mother of Lord Hanuman.

     Mamata had an affair with Brihaspati and they had a son named Bharadwaja, who also became a great sage. Bharadwaja had a son named Drona, who is an important character in the Mahabharata.

     Kriya and Kratu gave birth to 60,000 sages known as Valakhilyas. Bhrigu and Khyati had two sons named Dhata and Vidhata. They also had a daughter named Bhargavi, who was an incarnation of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. Bhrigu also had another wife named Puloma. When she was pregnant, a demon named Puloman saw her and fell in love with her. Agni told him that she was the wife of Bhrigu. Hearing this, Puloman turned into a boar and abducted her. Her child fell on the grass and Puloma died. The baby was glowing so brightly that Puloman got burnt. The baby was named Chyavana, and he would become a great sage. Bhrigu was angry that Agni had given away Puloma's identity and so cursed Agni that he would be burn and consume everything.

     Vidhata had a son named Mrukandu, and Mrukandu's son is Markandeya, who is a famous sage who became immortal. Markandeya had a son named Bhavana Rishi, who married Bhadra, the daughter of Surya. They had 101 children named the Padmashalis, who became the Telugu population of India. Bhrigu had a third wife named Kavyamata, or Usanas. She had a son named Shukracharya, the god of the planet Venus. He is also the guru of the asuras and always brings the demons back to life after battles with the demigod.

     Once, Shukracharya was off praying to Shiva, the demigods attacked the demons, who ran to get help from Shukra's mother Kavyamata. She used her powers to put all the demigods to sleep. Vishnu realized that she had to die for the universe to progress. So, he used his chakra to chop off her head. Bhrigu was so angry that he cursed Vishnu to be born on the earth 10 times. Bhrigu then revived Kavyamata.

     Shanti and Atharva had a son who was a great sage named Dadhichi. Dadhichi also had a son named Kunda. Kala and Marichi had a son named Kashyapa, who became a famous sage and the father of tons of creatures: humans, animals, gods, and demons. Pulastya and Havirbhu gave birth to the sages Agastya and Vishrava. Agastya married a woman named Lopamudra. Vishrava has two wives named Idavida and Keshini. Idavida was the daughter of Bharadwaja and gave birth to Kubera, and Keshini gave birth to Ravana, Kumbakarna, Khara, Dhushana, Vibhishana, and Shurpanakha, all of whom are famous demons in the Ramayana.

     Prasuti married the Chief Prajapati Daksha and had sixteen daughters. One of their daughters went to the underworld, and thirteen of them married the sage Dharma. Dharma, and one of his wives, Murti, gave birth to the twin-brothers incarnation of Lord Vishnu called Nara-Narayana. They performed lots of penance in Badrinath and became very powerful sages. Shiva wanted to show the world how powerful they were by throwing his Pashupatastra weapon at them. They were so powerful that the astra lost its power before it hit them.

     Once, Indra became very nervous because of Nara-Narayana's power that he sent Kama (love, desire), Vasant (spring), and beautiful nymphs to them to disturb them and stop their meditation. Narayana took a flower and placed it on his thigh. From his thigh came a beautiful nymph named Urvashi. She was the most beautiful nymph of all time and the other nymphs couldn't make themselves more beautiful. So they all went back to heaven along with Urvashi and Nara-Narayana continued meditating. Nara and Narayana eventually were reborn as Arjuna and Krishna from Mahabharata, respectively.

     One of Daksha's daughters, Swaha, married the fire god Agni and they had a daughter named Agneya, who married Uru, a descendant of Angira. Agni and Swaha also had three sons who carried offerings to and from heaven and yagnas on earth. They each had 15 sons, so there are 49 fire gods in total. The youngest daughter of Daksha, Sati, later married Shiva, but burned herself before she had any children.

Lord Bhikshatana

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     When Shiva chopped off Brahma's fifth head, Brahma died. But because of his great power and because of all his good deeds, Brahma managed to come back to life. Yet, Brahma is, in a sense, a brahmin, and Shiva had killed him. Killing a brahmin is considered the worst sin of all, and so Shiva had to repent for his sin and become a beggar. Because he had committed the sin of brahmahatya, the skull of Brahma's fifth head was stuck to Shiva's nail and he couldn't get it off. His sin took the form of a scary woman who followed him everywhere. To repent for his sin and to get rid of the creepy woman, he had to wander the earth as a naked beggar and used Brahma's skull as his food bowl. This form of Shiva is known as Bhikshatana and he is followed by scary ghosts and goblins.
     He wandered everywhere in the universe, all over the earth, through the heavens and the underworld, but the only food that would properly satisfy him were blood and flesh. People who served him food became hypnotized the moment they saw him. They followed him everywhere, he comes upon a yagna being conducted by Brahma where he fills the place with skulls because they wouldn't feed him. So, Brahma promised Shiva that all yagnas can only happen when a prayer is said to Shiva.
     Seeing Shiva suffering in this manner, Goddess Shakti decided to help him by giving him some food. She appeared to him to Annapurna, the goddess of food. She served him well, but made him promise that she will only bless humanity with food if he enlightens them with true knowledge. In the Vishwanath temple in Kashi, you see statues of Bhikshatana receiving food from Annapurna.
     While he was wandering the world, he went to the Deodar forest, also known as the Daruka forest. In the forest, the sages were doing yagnas and gained lots of power. They became very arrogant and thought that they were equal to the gods. Shiva knew about this and decided to teach them a lesson.
     So, Bhikshatana entered the forest as a naked and scary beggar with reddish-black skin. Lord Vishnu also accompanied him as a beautiful woman named Mohini, who unlike Bhikshatana, had white skin. Bhikshatana begged for food at the houses of the sages, when their wives appeared, just like everyone else, they became hypnotized and crazy. The sons of the sages saw Bhikshatana's beautiful wife Mohini and completely fell in love with her. The sages were shocked and disgusted them they saw their families following Bhikshatana. They became so angry that they cursed him, but nothing happened to him. Then Bhikshatana counter-cursed the sages to also become beggars like him.
     The sages then conducted a yagna and created a lion, an elephant, a tiger, a snake, and a dwarf. They attacked Bhikshatana, who defeated them all. Finally, he stood on top of the dwarf and began to dance. He ended his dance by lifting his left leg over his right leg. This form of Lord Shiva is known as Nataraja, the lord of dance. The sages were shocked that their curse didn't do anything. They prayed to Brahma and asked them why. Brahma appeared and told them that Bhikshatana was actually and incarnation of Shiva.
     The only two women who didn't become hypnotized were Arundhati, the wife of Vashishta, and Anasuya, the wife of the sage Atri. They instantly recognised Bhikshatana and Mohini and told the sages that they were Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu themselves. They also explained that Shiva was appearing like this because they had become arrogant and to teach them that knowledge was not the only thing that is important in life and that love is also extremely important for the continuation of living creatures. Bhikshatana then returned to the forest in his supreme form. the sages apologised and Bhikshatana taught the sages that they must become beggars like Bhikshatana, since that is what will help them upon the path to moksha. Arundhati and Anasuya told Bhikshatana that if he wanted to get rid of his sin and satisfy his hunger, then he must go to Lord Vishnu.
     Bhikshatana then leaves the forest and continues to wander all across the universe until he reaches Vaikuntha, the heavenly home of Vishnu. Vishnu's messenger, Vishwaksena, was guarding the door and when he saw Bhikshatana , he couldn't recognise that he was Shiva. Hence, he didn't allow Bhikshatana to enter. Bhikshatana told one of his attendants, Kalavega, to fight Vishwaksena, but Vishwaksena killed Kalavega. In anger, Bhikshatana attacked Vishwaksena and killed him, keeping his corpse on his trident, which was now struck to his left hand. This meant that his sin had increased further. This form of Shiva is known as Kankala-murti, the one with the skeleton.
     Kankala-murti entered Vaikuntha and begged for food. So, Vishnu offered him some of his own blood as well as some flesh from Bhikshatana's own forehead. Vishnu then told Bhikshatana to go to the city of Varanasi and pray to Lord Shiva.
     So, Bhikshatana followed Vishnu's advice, since he was very desperate to get rid of that scary woman and to stop being Bhikshatana. When he reached Varanasi, he prayed until Lord Shiva appeared before him. He told Bhikshatana that he will be free from his sin if he goes to Kashi. So, Bhikshatana eventually reached Kashi, and the moment he entered the holy city, the scary woman returned to the underworld. Bhikshatana meditated until the skull fell off from his right hand and the trident fell from his left hand. Vishwaksena corpse vanished and we was revived and returned to Vaikuntha. The place where the skull fell off is called Kapala-mochana, the liberation of the skull. Shiva then bathes in a holy pond and his scary appearance vanishes. Shiva, completely free from his sin, returned to Mt. Kailash to meditate and continue his peaceful life.

The Goddess Bhuvaneshwari and the Goddess Siddhidhatri

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     After the death of Madhu and Kaitabha, the Earth had land as well as water, but they needed energy from the sun to help provide life. So, the goddesses Tara and Kushmanda entered the sun. Kushmanda made the sun very bright and radiant and Tara made the sun radiate with energy and heat. Shakti then took the form of Goddess Shodashi. Goddess Shodashi planted a bamboo tree within the earth and poured water on it from her magical water pot. In this way, all plants on earth began to grow.
     After this, Brahma Vishnu and Rudra, a form of Shiva, didn't know what to do. Suddenly, a magical chariot appeared. The three of them got on the chariot and it flew them to a magical island. They saw a beautiful city and decided to go in there. The moment they entered the city, They turned into women. The reached the main palace where they learned that the island was called Manidvipa, and the ruler was Goddess Bhuvaneshwari, the queen of the universe. She was taken care of by many Yoginis who supplied her every need. She sat on the left thigh of Lord Sadashiva, the cosmic form of Lord Shiva.
     Bhuvaneshwari gave her shaktis in marriage to them. She gave Saraswathi to Brahma, Lakshmi to Vishnu, and Uma or Kali to Rudra. Bhuvaneshwari then created 14 planetary systems in the universe, each one different from the next. Goddess Shakti then took the form of Goddess Siddhidhatri and told them that their power comes from their wives, and that she will also create divine powers for them to use. Hence, she created the 8 main Siddhis, which are special powers one can gain through meditation. They are called Anima, Mahima, Garima, Laghima, Prapti, Prakamya, Ishitva, and Vishitva.
     Anima can make you shrink to the size of an atom, Mahima can make you grow infinitely big, Garima can make you heavy, Prapti can make you teleport to wherever you want, Prakamya can make you know whatever anyone wants, Ishitva allows you to control nature, and Vishitva allows you to control elemental forces. There are 15 secondary siddhis which can allow you to do many things, ranging from shapeshifting and telepathy, to teleportation and seeing the future. Throughout many stories, you see sages, demons, and yogis use these abilities. Goddess Shakti then created the goddess Kamalatmika, who spread prosperity among humanity.
     Once the universe was set in motion, Brahma called all the gods, his mind-born sons and daughters, and some brahmins to conduct the first yagna. Lord Shiva attended the yagna in the form of Bhikshatana, the god of ascetics. He was scary looking, with a corpse stuck on his trident, and he used a skull as a food bowl. He came outside the yagna arena and begged for food. But the brahmins didn't let him in, not wanting to waste their time with a creepy beggar when they had a yagna to conduct. So, Bhikshatana threw his skull bowl into the yagna arena and the brahmins threw it out. But another skull appeared and another, until the whole yagna arena was full of scary skulls, which were de-purifying the atmosphere of the area.
     So, Brahma went to Shiva and promised him that no yagna can be completed without a prayer to Lord Shiva. Hence Lord Shiva is known as Kapaleshwara, the Lord of skulls. After the yagna, Brahma returned to Brahmaloka and Vishnu returned to the milk ocean in Vaikuntha. Shiva felt very hot and so decided to live on Mount Kailash in the Himalayas, where he would be cool and comfortable. This is also why in todays world, people pour cold water and milk products on the lingam, which is a special form of worshipping Shiva.

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